How Does the Cooling Class Affect the Transformer Rating?

Published 27 Aug 2026Updated 27 Aug 20265 min readIntermediateDesign
Quick answer — The cooling class (ONAN, ONAF, OFAF, OFWF/ODAF) directly sets the rated output. Natural cooling (ONAN) is the lowest rating, and adding fans (ONAF) or pumps (OFAF) raises the rating of the same unit for a given temperature rise. The nameplate gives the rating per cooling stage, e.g. 40 MVA ONAN and 60 MVA ONAF. A better cooling class gives a higher rating, but uses auxiliaries that need a supply.
Contents
How does the cooling class affect a transformer rating?

ONAN, ONAF, OFAF

ONAN is fully natural and lowest-rated; ONAF adds fans; OFAF/ODAF adds both fans and pumps, giving a higher rating for the same unit.

Multi-stage rating

A unit is often nameplated at different ratings per cooling stage (e.g. ONAN and ONAF), and the load is set by which stage is running.

The trade-off

A higher cooling class gives a smaller, lighter unit but requires auxiliary power and a loss of auxiliaries handling; the design and the loading guide set the safe use.

References & standards

Related

Book seriesAcademy

Related manufacturers

Prolec GE (GE Vernova) · Prolec GE Waukesha · Hitachi Energy USA · Siemens Energy · Eaton · Virginia Transformer Corp

Related components

Transformer cooling systems
Technical content is prepared from engineering references, standards frameworks, manufacturer documentation and industry sources. Contractual or compliance decisions should refer to current official standards. TransformerPath Technical Editorial.
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